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R&R Analysis for Non-Destructive Measurements

An example of a GR&R application appropriate for non-destructive measurements is checking part dimensions with a micrometer.

  • For example, 2 appraisers could each measure 5 parts, 2 times.

First, look at the Repeatability.

  • Repeatability looks at the variation between measurements of the same part when measured by the same appraiser with the same measurement device.
  • For determining the Repeatability of the measurement system, we’ll look at the differences between the measurement trials of the same parts.
  • The Repeatability statistic is sE (or EV.) The sub-E in sE stands for (Measuring) Equipment; EV stands for Equipment Variation.

R&R Analysis for Non-Destructive Measurements First, look at the Repeatability

  • We use 5.15 because 5.15 standard deviations is an estimation of 99% of the variation. AIAG (Automotive Industry Action Group) allows the option to set Repeatability for 6s to cover 99.7% of the measurement equipment variation.

Next, look at the Reproducibility.

  • Reproducibility is the difference in measurements between appraisers.
  • The Reproducibility statistic is sA (or AV).
    • The sub-A in sA stands for Appraisers.
    • AV stands for Appraiser Variation.

R&R Analysis for Non-Destructive Measurements Next, look at the Reproducibility

DIFF = (highest of appraiser grand averages) – (lowest of appraiser
grand averages); actually a range value

dA = d2 value for Reproducibility

n = number of parts

r = number of trials, or runs

The R&R will tell us the total variation in the measurement system that comes from Repeatability and Reproducibility together.

  • To calculate R&R, add the squares of both the standard deviation values for Repeatability and the Reproducibility and then take the square root of the result.

To determine if the R&R variation is acceptable or unacceptable…

  • Compare the Measurement System Variation to the total variation and to the tolerance.

R&R Analysis for Non-Destructive Measurements Compare the Measurement System Variation to total variation and tolerance

  • To compare the R&R to the total variation:

R&R Analysis for Non-Destructive Measurements compare the R&R to the total variation

  • To compare the R&R to the total tolerance:

R&R Analysis for Non-Destructive Measurements compare the R&R to the total tolerance

Is the %GR&R acceptable or not?

  • If %GR&R represents >30% of the total process variation or takes up >30% of the total tolerance, the measurement system must be improved or replaced.
  • If %GR&R <30% but >10%, the measurement system is marginal.
  • If %GR&R <10%, the measurement system is acceptable.